9 de Agosto, 2006
Assassinato da babá Marielma de Jesus, 11 anos
Olá,
Segue pauta enviada esta tarde a 1380 jornalistas de todo Brasil. Peço
que encaminhem para as suas redes para conhecimento e difusão da
informação.
Abraços,
Daniela Rocha
ANDI
PAUTA ANDI
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DESTAQUE DO DIA
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ANDI -
Agência de Notícias dos Direitos da Infância • 08/08/2006
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Assassinato da babá Marielma de Jesus, 11 anos
Julgamento dos patrões acusados
acontece quinta (10/8) em Belém
• Entidades
de defesa dos direitos humanos estão preocupadas com o risco de
impunidade
• Caso se tornou símbolo de violência ligada ao trabalho infantil e
provocou manifestações de entidades nacionais e internacionais
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Está marcado para o próximo dia 10 de agosto o
primeiro julgamento do casal acusado de espancar e assassinar Marielma
de Jesus Sampaio, de 11 anos. A menina trabalhava como babá no bairro
do Telegráfo, em Belém (PA). O crime, ocorrido em 12 de novembro de
2005, teve repercussão internacional e está mobilizando entidades de
defesa dos direitos humanos devido ao risco de impunidade.
O casal será julgado em separado. Ambos são acusados de
homicídio quaduplamente qualificado – crime cometido por motivo fútil,
impossibilidade de defesa da vítima, entre outros fatores. Nesta
próxima quinta-feira quem senta no banco dos réus é Roberta Rolim, 21
anos. O julgamento de seu marido, Ronivaldo Furtado, 38, foi atrasado
pela estratégia usada pela defesa, que apresentou exame de sanidade
atestando deficiência mental e esquizofrenia, o que o tornaria
inimputável. A promotoria contestou o laudo e solicitou nova perícia, a
ser realizada em São Paulo em data ainda não definida. O recurso a
favor do acusado está no Supremo Tribunal de Justiça. Se for aceito
antes da realização de novo exame, pode inocentar Ronivaldo.
“A defesa diz que ele tem esse atestado de esquizofrenia
desde 1997. Mas é de se questionar a Justiça o por quê de não ter sido
tomada nenhuma medida de segurança para tirá-lo da sociedade. Só agora,
que ele assassina uma menina de 11 anos?”, contesta Celina Hamoy,
assistente da acusação e advogada do Centro de Defesa da Criança e do
Adolescente (Cedeca-Emaús). De acordo com o promotor Paulo Godinho, o
réu responde a onze processos: sete por assalto, dois por porte ilegal
de armas e dois por estupro, e é apontado pela vizinhança como um homem
violento.
A estratégia usada pelo
casal é de acusarem-se mutua-mente,
sem que nenhum assuma o ato. Segundo a promo-toria, Roberta acusa Ronivaldo de
espancar, abusar sexual-mente e
matar a menina. Este, por sua vez, diz que a companheira teria se
descontrolado e cometido o crime após ver Marielma molestar sua filha,
versão desmentida pelos exames realizados no bebê.
O Ministério Público e a
assistência de acusação acreditam que ambos são responsáveis. Mas a
advogada Celina Hamoy acredita que o risco dos dois saírem impunes é
muito alto. Segunda ela, Ronivaldo pode se livrar com o recurso apre-sentado e Roberta pode se
beneficiar da comoção da opinião pública. A mulher, em seu depoimento,
se apresenta como vítima do marido, o qual a batia e não a deixava sair
de casa. “O júri leva a emoção muito em conta”, explica a assistente da
acusação.
O laudo médico do caso indica extrema violência na forma como
a menina foi morta. Havia fraturas no crânio, nas costelas, pulmões
perfurados, ruptura do baço e dos rins, queimaduras e marcas de choque
elétrico. Os exames também comprovam que ela foi vítima de abuso
sexual.
A previsão é que o julgamento de Roberta Rolim aconteça em
dois dias. Se houver condenação pelo júri popular, ela e seu marido
podem pegar a pena máxima de 30 anos de prisão. Na quinta ocorrerá uma
vigília em frente ao Tribunal de Justiça do Estado, com a participação
de diversas entidades, além de grupos de crianças e jovens.
Caso reacendeu polêmica sobre o trabalho infantil
Marielma se enquadrava entre milhares de crianças e adolescentes que
atuam como domésticas e estão passíveis de violência em casas de
terceiros. Somente no Pará são 25,6 mil jovens de 5 a 17 anos nesse
tipo de serviço, segundo o Fórum Paraense de Erradicação do Trabalho
Infantil. Eles representam 18,98% dos meninos e meninas que trabalham
no estado. A lei é clara na proibição desse tipo de mão-de-obra.
Adolescentes só podem trabalhar como domésticas a partir dos 16 anos,
asseguradas todas as garantias trabalhistas. No entanto, grande parte
das meninas sequer recebem salário.
Era o caso de Marielma, que trabalhava como babá devido às
baixas condições financeiras de sua família. Morava com dois irmãos,
uma irmã e os pais em sítio no interior do município de Vigia, onde
eles eram caseiros e recebiam apenas R$ 10 por semana. A menina foi
viver com Roberta e Ronivaldo depois que o casal passou pelo local e
propôs levá-la a Belém. Prometeram dar-lhe escola, comida e roupas
novas, em troca de cuidar de um bebê. Mas a jovem não estudou nem um
dia nos quatro meses em que passou com eles, até ser assassinada.
O episódio de violência ligada ao trabalho infantil provocou
manifestações de organizações como a Federação Nacional das
Trabalhadoras Domésticas (Fenatrad) e a Organização Internacional do
Trabalho (OIT). O caso foi inclusive denunciado em Genebra em
fevereiro, durante o Seminário Internacional com Organizações
Sindicais sobre o Trabalho Infantil Doméstico, por Creuza Maria de
Oliveira, presidente da Fenatrad.
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Sugestões de fontes:
Celina Hamoy – assistente da acusação e
coordenadora do Centro de Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente
(Cedeca-Emaús)
(91) 3241-7007 / 3224-7967 / 8125-3890
celinahamoy@ig.com.br
ou cedecaemaus@uol.com.br
Paulo Godinho – promotor de Justiça do caso
(91) 8149-7820
Maria Conceição de Castro – representante
do Fórum Paraense de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil e Proteção do
Trabalho do Adolescente
(91) 3225-0054 / 9961-1232
Jânio Siqueira – advogado de defesa de
Ronivaldo Furtado
(91) 3249-5465
Paulo Vannuchi – Secretário Especial de
Direitos Humanos da Presidência da República
(61) 3429-3498 (assessoria de imprensa)
Renato Mendes – coordenador de projetos do
Programa Internacional de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil da OIT
(61) 8156-9582
Isa Maria de Oliveira – secretária
executiva do Fórum Nacional de Prevenção e Erradicação do Trabalho
Infantil
(61) 3429-3808 / 3429-3921
Neide Castanha – coordenadora do Comitê
Nacional de Enfrentamento à Violência Sexual Contra Crianças e
Adolescentes
(61) 3274-6632
comitenacional@terra.com.br
Lélio Bentes – ministro do Tribunal
Superior do Trabalho
(61) 3314-4214
Sandra Lia – procuradora do Ministério
Público do Trabalho
(61) 3314-8601
Thais Dumet – coordenadora de projetos sobre
tráfico de pessoas para fins de exploração sexual comercial da OIT
(61) 2106-4600
Caro Jornalista,
qualifique suas matérias ouvindo sempre como fonte Conselhos dos
Direitos da Infância e da Adolescência e Conselhos Tutelares |
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PAUTA ANDI
Edição: Daniel Gonçalves
Redação: Rilton Pimentel
Contatos: (61) 2102-6553 / pauta@andi.org.br
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Realização |
Patrocínio |
Apoio |
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ANDI
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PETROBRAS
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UNESCO
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Publicado por Pauta Andi el 9 de Agosto, 2006, 19:11
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56 nuevos recursos en Género y Desarrollo
Actualización de contenido - Género y Desarrollo en el Development Gateway ------------------------- 56 {totalItems} nuevos recursos en la página Género y Desarrollo del Development Gateway http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender
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18 autonomous and independent partner organizations in the Global
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19. Marie-Claire Ayurwanda: Overcoming HIV and Building Her Community http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068665 (Client
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20. CARE - Expanding Economic Opportunity for Rural Women through Micro-Finance Program. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068673 CARE
International in Rwanda has extensive experience working with members
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of 15-20 people. Our expertise is in the sector of economic security,
specifically in capacity building,... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 03 Aug , 2006
21. Sustainable Micro-finance for Women's Empowerment . http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068679 Micro-finance
programmes not only give women and men access to savings and credit,
but reach millions of people worldwide bringing them together regularly
in organised groups. Although no ?magic bullet?, they are potentially a
very significant... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 03 Aug , 2006
22.
International Labour Organisation - SEED Working Paper: Small
Enterprise Development - Women's Entrepreneurship Development. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068682 Publication:
Promoting Women's Entrepreneurship Development based on Good Practice
Programmes: Some Experiences from the North to the South - SEED Working
Paper No. 9. The author of this Working Paper, Paula Kantor, has
identified relevant good... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 03 Aug , 2006
23. ILO - Women's Entrepreneurship Development and Gender Equality ( WEDGE) - Advocacy. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068688 The
Advocacy Wedge: Promoting Advocacy and Voice for Women Entrepreneurs:
Many women entrepreneurs work in isolation and are not connected to any
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Organization (ILO) promotes better advocacy... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 03 Aug , 2006
24. FEMNET Events 2006. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068695 1]
World Social Forum, January 2007, Nairobi, Kenya. From: Sat, Jan 20,
2007 - To: Fri, Jan 26, 2007 (FEMNET is a member of the local
organising committee for the 2007 WSF. More information on WSF: http://www.socialforum.or.ke); 2] Nairobi +21... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 03 Aug , 2006
25. From A Girl To A Complete Woman: Women of Dodoma, Tanzania, fight FGM http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068715 This
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educates, and is non-destructive. Contribuido por Laura Allen el 03 Aug , 2006
26. All Things Pass ? Flash Video http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068721 Brief video promoting a stop to the practice of all forms of FGM. Contribuido por Laura Allen el 03 Aug , 2006
27. Ending Female Genital Mutilation? Rights, medicalization, and the state of ongoing struggles to eliminate the FGM in Kenya http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068725 The
slow rate of progress is discouraging to organizations that have been
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sustained and tailored effort FGM eradication campaigns require,
international organizations and NGOs are... Contribuido por Laura Allen el 03 Aug , 2006
28. FGM Network ? Introduction and Explanation of 3 Forms http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068744 As
you are reading this article, there are between eight and ten million
women and girls in the Middle East and in Africa who are at risk of
undergoing one form or another of genital cutting. In the United States
it is estimated that about ten... Contribuido por Laura Allen el 03 Aug , 2006
29. Stop FGM Website http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068748 StopFGM.com
(available in English, French, and Arabic) is the website for the
International Campaign for the Eradication of Female Genital
Mutilation, an NGO that provides updates on the issue, legal documents,
and other tools to stop this form of... Contribuido por Laura Allen el 03 Aug , 2006
30. Muslim Women?s League: Female Genital Mutilation http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068753 Enhanced
awareness of the cultural significance of FGM in some Muslim countries
requires a more detailed look at the relationship of FGM to Islam. In
July, 1997 the Egyptian government overturned a ban on the practice of
FGM. This event was... Contribuido por Laura Allen el 03 Aug , 2006
31. FGM in Britain http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068757 Female
genital mutilation is a very complicated situation. Many different
groups of women activists and feminists have sought to stop it and
change a tradition that is often very harmful to young girls and
carries with them into adulthood. Britain... Contribuido por Laura Allen el 03 Aug , 2006
32. UNICEF ? Women: 2 million girls a year mutilated http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068761 Every
year several million women approach childbirth knowing that the risk
will be greater because some or all of their genitalia has been cut
away by the traditional practice of female genital mutilation (FGM).
Approximately 2 million girls are... Contribuido por Laura Allen el 03 Aug , 2006
33. Female Genital Mutilation: Complications and Risk of HIV Transmission. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068768 There
are over 100 million girls and women who have undergone female genital
mutilation (FGM). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that
another 2 million are subject to it every year. FGM is practiced in
many countries, especially Africa... Contribuido por Laura Allen el 03 Aug , 2006
34. FGM Fuels HIV/AIDS Spread http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068773 1
February 2005 Xinhuanet DAR ES SALAAM -- Almost all of the respondents
to a recent survey, or 99 percent of 444 people interviewed, have
blamed female circumcision for fueling the spread of HIV/AIDS in
Tanzania. The survey, conducted by the... Contribuido por Laura Allen el 03 Aug , 2006
35. International Community of Women Living with HIV/AIDS: Female Genital Excision (FGM) http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068778 Female
genital excision is commonly practised in many parts of the world and
can often be the cause of HIV infection, through the use of shared
cutting instruments. The practice can cause great long-term physical as
well as psychological harm.... Contribuido por Laura Allen el 03 Aug , 2006
36. Writing Their Own History - By Ponni Arasu, August 03, 2006 ( The New Nation, Bangladesh) http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068794 Mainstream
discourse, by and large, has failed to recognise the considerable
historical significance of two recent events. The first: changes in the
Immoral Trafficking Prevention Act (ITPA) proposed by the Ministry of
Women and Child Welfare,... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 04 Aug , 2006
37. Possible Return of Taliban?s Religious Police Threatens Afghan Women's Rights ( Source Ms Magazine, July 20, 2006). http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068834 Afghan
President Hamid Karzai and his cabinet have approved the
reestablishment of the Department for the Promotion of Virtue and
Prevention of Vice. The Afghan Parliament will consider the proposal
when it reconvenes later this summer. Initiated by... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 04 Aug , 2006
38. Pan American Journal of Public Health - Article on Violence. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068838 Violence
? in its various forms and manifestations ? is undoubtedly one of the
issues of greatest importance in the Americas and of highest concern to
governments, civil society, and international organizations. Violence
is affected by multiple... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 04 Aug , 2006
39. Violence Against Women Online Resources (VAWOR). http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068844 VAWOR
is a collaborative project between the Minnesota Center Against
Violence and Abuse (MINCAVA), a center within the School of Social Work
at the University of Minnesota, and the Office on Violence Against
Women (OVW), U.S. Department of Justice.... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 04 Aug , 2006
40. United Nations Involvement in Gender-based Violence in Asia Pacific. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068849 Gender-based
violence continues to pose a major roadblock to women?s human rights,
peace and development in the Asia Pacific region. In recent years, many
forms of violence against women have increased in the UNESCAP region.
In some countries, one... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 04 Aug , 2006
41. TWG - WEGE: Thematic Working Group on Women's Empowrment and Gender Equality. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068856 The
Thematic Working Group on Women?s Empowerment and Gender Equality
(TWG-WEGE) is an interagency working group on gender which includes
membership of UN agencies, local regional NGOs, and civil society
organizations. The group meets quarterly, and... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 04 Aug , 2006
42. ICRW and IAS to Recognise Innovation in Women and AIDS Research with Young Investigator Prize at AIDS Conference, Toronto. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068862 Press
Release, Washington DC, August 02, 2006. The International Center for
Research on Women (ICRW) and the International AIDS Society (IAS) with
the support of the International Community of Women Living with
HIV/AIDS (ICW) will honor Penelope... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 04 Aug , 2006
43. Prevention NOW - Basic Facts on Female Condoms. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068937 The
female condom is a currently existing and approved safer sex technology
that can be used to prevent both HIV infection and/or unintended
pregnancy. Correct and consistent use of female condoms can reduce the
risk of HIV infection by more than 90... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 04 Aug , 2006
44. Global Urban Development Update, July 12, 2006. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068962 Global
Urban Development is a worldwide network of expert thinkers and
practitioners, organized into six major program committees: 1] Building
Gender Equality in Urban Life, chaired by Marlene Fernandes, Monika
Jaeckel, and Nancy Sedmak; 2] Treating... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 05 Aug , 2006
45. Introduction to Slum Dwellers International. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1068979 Slum
Dwellers International is a loose network of people?s organisations
from an increasing number of countries in the South. The network is
made up of Federations of community organisations and other grassroots
initiatives that are in the process of... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 05 Aug , 2006
46. India, China look to Thailand on AIDS - By Siddhartha Kumar, Bill Smith and Peter Janssen ( Bangkok Post). http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1069050 New
Delhi/Beijing/Bangkok (dpa) - As HIV/AIDS infections rise rapidly among
women in India and China, some experts are urging the world's two most
populous nations to learn from the experience of Thailand. Social
stigma, lack of empowerment, poverty,... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 05 Aug , 2006
47. UN Panel Considering New Agency for Women - By Joe Capua ( Voice of America). http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1069058 Washington,
01 August 2006: Efforts are underway to establish a new UN agency for
women. A position paper on the matter entitled ? Gender Equality Now or
Never ? has been submitted to a UN panel for consideration. Currently,
UNIFEM, the United... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 05 Aug , 2006
48. Growing Up in Asia: Plan?s Strategic Framework for Fighting Child Poverty in Asia 2005 - 2015. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1069110 Amer
Jabry, August 2005. This 55-page document from Plan International is a
strategic framework that was developed to provide Plan staff, and all
who work with or contribute to Plan, a single reference that captures
the main issues likely to affect... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 06 Aug , 2006
49. Ten Recommendations by the Ethiopian Teenagers' Forum on the Day of the African Child. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1069124 March
2004. THE FAMILY AND THE CHILD, HIV/AIDS AND GIRLS? EDUCATION - " We,
children and youth, in order to witness a bright and hopeful future,
have to become ambassadors of change. Government, NGOs, the African
Union, the United Nations agencies... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 06 Aug , 2006
50. Engendering Education: Why Do Girls Drop Out in Developing Countries? http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1069137 World
Bank - Youthink Website: Girls do better in the classroom than boys in
the developed world. But in developing countries, girls lag behind
boys, according to the latest World Bank research. Boys and girls
enroll in elementary school at the same... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 06 Aug , 2006
51. ?Women for Children? Project Portfolio Completed http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1069172 Art
for Humanity, a non-profit organisation based in Durban, South Africa,
is pleased to announce that the ?Women for Children? project portfolio
is complete. Planning for the project catalogue has already begun and
is due for publication by the end... Contribuido por Bianca Bothma el 08 Aug , 2006
52. Europan Union Gender Watch Project - Network of East West Women. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1069178 The
last 15 years have been a time of economic struggle for the region of
CEE/CIS. The transition from a planned economy and authoritarian
regimes to democracy and market economy significantly influenced the
region. Lack of transparency in the... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 08 Aug , 2006
53. Our Bodies, Ourselves" ( In Polish). http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1069182 "Our
Bodies, Ourselves" encourages women to value and share experiences, and
to use its information to question the assumptions underlying the care
women receive so that it is possible to deal effectively with the
medical system and organize for... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 08 Aug , 2006
54. Kaisernetwork Offers Special Coverage: XVI International AIDS Conference, Toronto, 13 - 18, 2006. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1069262 As
the official webcaster of the XVI International AIDS Conference in
Toronto, kaisernetwork.org will offer portions of the conference for
viewing on the Internet at no cost and with no registration. The
webcasts listed below will be accessible... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 08 Aug , 2006
55. Talking About AIDS, With All The World Watching ( New York Times, August 08, 2006). http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1069275 By
Lawrence Altman: The 16th International AIDS Conference opens in
Toronto on Sunday and will vastly differ from the first meeting, in
Atlanta in 1985, four years after AIDS was discovered. What began as a
relatively small forum for 2,200 scientists... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 08 Aug , 2006
56. Women's Rights and HIV/AIDS - Satellite Meeting at International AIDS Conference, 2006. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/gender/rc/ItemDetail.do?itemId=1069284 Women's
Rights and HIV/AIDS will be held from 07:00 - 08:30. Organiser: UNIFEM
& ActionAid International and supported by Supported by: OSISA,
AWDF. Description / Focus: The session is aimed at bringing together
the women's human rights movement and... Contribuido por Anuradha Bhattacharjee el 08 Aug , 2006
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Publicado por Boletin Development Gateway el 9 de Agosto, 2006, 17:12
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Argentina: Carta Abierta al Honorable Senado de la Nación
PROTOCOLO FACULTATIVO A LA CONVENCIÓN PARA LA ELIMINACIÓN
DE TODAS LAS FORMAS DE DISCRIMINACIÓN CONTRA LA MUJER
No promueve el aborto
No atenta contra la soberanía
nacional
Sí GARANTIZA DERECHOS HUMANOS
Carta abierta al Honorable
Senado de la Nación de las organizaciones integrantes de la Plataforma del
Movimiento Argentino de Mujeres y de Derechos Humanos por la Ratificación del
Protocolo Facultativo a la Convención para la Eliminación de Todas las Formas
de Discriminación contra la Mujer
Sr./Sra.
..............................
Senador/a
de la Nación Argentina
PRESENTE
...de
junio de 2006
Distinguida/o Senador/a,
Nos dirigimos a Usted transmitiéndole nuestros
mejores deseos para sus tareas legislativas, una de las cuales esperamos sea la
de contribuir a la pronta, completa e incondicional aprobación por su Honorable
Cámara del Protocolo Facultativo a la Convención para la Eliminación de Todas
las Formas de Discriminación contra la Mujer, tema cuyo tratamiento el Senado
retomó a fines del año 2004 tras varios años de no abordarlo.
Ante el esperado tratamiento del tema por su
Honorable Cámara, deseamos compartirle algunas ideas en torno a ciertos mitos y
malos entendidos que tratan de instalarse respecto a este tratado, y cuya falta
de veracidad nos preocupa como entidades comprometidas seriamente con los
derechos humanos.
Como será de
su conocimiento, el Protocolo a la Convención para la Eliminación de Todas las
Formas de Discriminación contra la Mujer no
atenta contra la soberanía nacional, ni promueve la legalización del aborto.
Afirmar lo contrario es faltar a la verdad.
El Protocolo no limita la soberanía, porque
la ratificación de un tratado internacional es precisamente un acto de
soberanía, que únicamente un Estado pleno puede realizar. Hasta el momento setenta (79) Estados de todas las
regiones del mundo —entre ellos todos los del
Mercosur con la única salvedad de Argentina—, han ratificado este instrumento
en uso de sus facultades soberanas.
Llama la atención que el infundado argumento de un
falso atentado a la soberanía nacional se alce precisamente en relación con un
Protocolo relativo a los derechos de las mujeres, que no reconoce ningún derecho sustantivo nuevo respecto a los
reconocidos en la Convención de que trae causa, y que se limita solamente a
establecer mecanismos procesales para la mejor protección de los derechos
consagrados en la misma: un mecanismo para el análisis de quejas individuales y
otro para la investigación de situaciones que revelen violaciones graves o sistemáticas
de derechos humanos de las mujeres.
Argentina ha ratificado otros tratados similares
(como el Protocolo Facultativo al Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y
Políticos, o el de la Convención contra la Tortura). Incluso ha reconocido a
órganos internacionales de protección de derechos humanos competencia para
examinar tanto quejas individuales, como informes presentados por el propio
Estado respecto de la situación de los derechos humanos en Argentina. Esto
tanto en el ámbito de la Organización de Naciones Unidas (Comité de Derechos
Humanos, Comité de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales, Comité de
Derechos del Niño, Comité para la Eliminación de Todas las Formas de
Discriminación Racial, Comité para la Eliminación de Todas las Formas de Discriminación
contra la Mujer, Comité contra la Tortura), como de la Organización de los
Estados Americanos (Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y Corte
Interamericana de Derechos Humanos).
Estos órganos, a los que Argentina ha reconocido
competencia, no son extranjeros, sino
internacionales. Aunque mayúscula la diferencia, su explicación se torna
necesaria ante tantos mensajes erróneos como se vienen generando. Estos órganos
internacionales son creados por los propios Estados, en el marco de organizaciones
internacionales intergubernamentales (como la ONU, o la OEA), que son también
creadas e integradas por Estados soberanos. Y más aún, las personas expertas e
independientes que los integran son
propuestas y elegidas por los propios Estados, entre las cuales destaca la
presencia de notables personalidades argentinas.
A mayor precisión, dichos órganos sólo atenderán
quejas individuales contra un Estado cuando la persona que reclama haya agotado
todos los recursos internos, esto es, se trata de una protección subsidiaria de
la nacional, siendo el Estado el primero que debe proteger a su ciudadanía.
Así, al ratificar el Protocolo Facultativo al que nos venimos refiriendo, los
Estados ponen al alcance de las mujeres la posibilidad de recurrir internacionalmente,
sólo cuando los recursos nacionales no sean efectivos para garantizar su
derecho a no sufrir discriminación o cuando el Estado tenga dificultades para
investigar adecuadamente una situación de violaciones graves o sistemáticas de
derechos de las mujeres.
Porque como decíamos, también establece el Protocolo
un mecanismo que permite al Comité de la CEDAW examinar información cuando la
misma revele violaciones graves o sistemáticas de violación de los derechos de
las mujeres. Este procedimiento es de carácter confidencial y requiere
consentimiento del Estado en todas sus etapas, siendo enormemente respetuoso de
la soberanía estatal y en realidad una oportunidad para los Estados de brindar
un tratamiento más adecuado a situaciones que hagan peligrar de manera grave
los derechos humanos de las mujeres.
El Protocolo ha venido así a completar los
mecanismos de supervisión de la Convención, que únicamente previó en la
competencia del Comité la de examinar informes estatales periódicos. Con su
adopción, la Convención más importante de Naciones Unidas relativa a los
derechos humanos de las mujeres se equipara en nivel de protección al resto de
los tratados de derechos humanos que ya tienen prevista la posibilidad de
examinar quejas individuales o examinar informaciones.
El Protocolo no promueve la despenalización
del aborto. De nuevo estamos ante la distorsión de una realidad
jurídica elemental. Un Protocolo es un tratado anexo a otro y el que nos ocupa
en este caso es meramente procesal. Esto es: no reconoce ningún derecho distinto a los contemplados en la
Convención principal (la Convención para la Eliminación de Todas las Formas de
Discriminación contra las Mujeres, de valor constitucional en Argentina desde
1994). Siendo así, nos remitiremos a la Convención: ninguno de sus preceptos
promueve ni menciona el aborto y para constatarlo basta con leer su articulado.
Por su lado, el Comité en el desarrollo de sus tareas lejos de promover el
aborto, como se le acusa sin justificación y distorsionando sus dichos, anima
reiteradamente a los Estados parte de la Convención a la adopción de las
medidas adecuadas para evitar que las mujeres se encuentren en riesgo de
someterse a esa práctica y suele hacer hincapié en que el aborto no debe
utilizarse como método de planificación familiar.
Siendo que el Protocolo es únicamente de naturaleza
procesal, que la Convención no se refiere al aborto y que el Comité es
totalmente respetuoso de las legislaciones nacionales en relación con la
práctica del aborto, el debate sobre el tema de ningún modo debe ligarse al
tratamiento de este Protocolo Facultativo.
Por
todo lo expuesto, la pronta aprobación del Protocolo por su Cámara íntegra
e incondicionalmente es el único supuesto éticamente coherente con el
compromiso que Argentina viene asumiendo en democracia con los derechos
humanos, tanto en la esfera nacional, como internacional. Resulta obvio que
tomar en serio los derechos humanos, implica necesariamente tomar en serio los
derechos humanos de las mujeres y dar el mismo tratamiento a los tratados
previstos para su protección que a otros tratados internacionales aprobados en
la materia. Y la aprobación de este Protocolo es un paso adelante
imprescindible para la protección efectiva de los derechos humanos de más de la
mitad de la población argentina.
En la confianza de su compromiso y animándole a
seguir las recomendaciones del mensaje enviado por el Ejecutivo Nacional a su
Cámara en relación con este Protocolo, reciba las seguridades de nuestra
consideración más distinguida,
Atentamente,
·
·
·
·
·
Organizaciones integrantes de la "Plataforma del Movimiento Argentino de Mujeres y de Derechos Humanos
por la Ratificación del Protocolo Facultativo a la Convención para la
Eliminación de Todas las Formas de Discriminación contra la Mujer,
CEDAW"
* Con el
apoyo técnico del Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, IIDH
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Publicado por Organizaciones de Mujeres a favor del Protocolo Facultativo el 9 de Agosto, 2006, 16:43
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* 8 DE MARZO - DIA INTERNACIONAL DE LA MUJER |
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* CONVENIOS INTERNACIONALES SOBRE DDHH. DE LAS MUJERES |
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* LEYES DEL PERU PARA LAS MUJERES |
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DEFENSORIA DE LA MUJER, NIÑO, ADOLESCENTE Y DISCAPACITADO/A |
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